In this episode of Gross Domestic Problem, William Glass talks with professor and former regulator Jill Cetina about the hidden “plumbing” of the financial system and how policy since 2008 has reshaped risk. They unpack how quantitative easing (QE) worked, why the Fed’s balance sheet exploded, and how QE inflated asset prices, especially housing, while quietly creating banking vulnerabilities through uninsured deposits. Cetina argues that aggressive quantitative tightening (QT) now risks new bank stress, especially in a stagflation scenario where inflation stays high as growth and employment weaken. They explore how energy shocks and potential oil spikes could fuel stagflation, why America’s rising debt and unfixed entitlement promises are pushing us toward fiscal dominance, and how stablecoins and nonbank finance can drain deposits from banks and crowd out real-economy lending. The key takeaway is that the current mix of monetary and fiscal policy is accumulating systemic risk, and younger and mid-career generations need to engage politically, professionally, and by building real-economy businesses and families, if they want the “deal” of the American Dream to remain viable.

Key topics in today’s conversation include:

• Introducing Professor Jill Cetina & the Core Question: “Is the Deal Still Real?” (3:32)  
• What the Fed’s Balance Sheet Does & How QE Began in 2008 (8:04)  
• QE’s Side Effects: Codependency with Fiscal Policy (10:26)  
• Housing Affordability Crisis, 3% Mortgages, and “Locked-In” Homeowners (13:32)  
• Asset Inflation Beyond Housing: Stocks, Tech, and the AI Boom (15:53)  
• Jill’s Sharp Critique: Why Current QT Thinking Is Dangerous (17:52)  
• Critique of “Use the Discount Window Instead of Keeping Liquidity” Idea (20:44)  
• Introducing Stagflation: Weak Growth + Sticky Inflation (24:47)  
• Three Vectors of Recession Risk: Oil, Falling Assets, Private Credit Stress (29:30)  
• The Fed’s Policy Shift: Tolerating Higher Inflation Post-COVID (33:16)  
• Why Extending Fed Liquidity to Nonbanks & Stablecoins Is Dangerous (35:59)  
• Defining Fiscal Dominance and How It Warps Policy & Regulation (47:42)  
• AI and Productivity: Why Counting on a Tech Moonshot Is “Nonsense” (50:06)  
• Stablecoins Draining Bank Deposits to T‑Bills = Government Crowding Out (54:26)  
• Why Congress Focuses on Crypto Instead of Fixing Fiscal Policy (57:08)  
• Generational Power Imbalance and “Gambling for Resurrection” (1:00:41)  
• Investing in the Real Economy: Building Useful Businesses (1:05:51)  
• Family Formation as a Real (Non‑Financial) “Asset” for the Future (1:05:06)  
• Closing Thoughts and Mutual Thanks (1:06:12)

Gross Domestic Problem is a podcast from Millennial Debt Foundation focusing on America’s biggest financial crisis. Each episode, we break down how we got here, what happens if we don’t act, and the least painful way forward. There’s no do-nothing solution. Subscribe now at grossdomesticproblem.com and join the conversation. 

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.