Liberalism isn’t an abstract ideal, it’s the guardrail between disagreement and disaster. From speech crackdowns to political violence, the stakes feel higher than they have in decades.In this episode, we sit down with Professor Mark Pennington to unpack what liberalism is, where it came from, and whether it can survive pressure from both left and right today.We discuss:• Can liberalism still stop violence amid populism?• From wars of religion to free speech, are we sliding back?• Housing as a freedom fight: NIMBYs, planning, pay to build• Inequality decoded: property booms, cartels, basic income• Borders without backlash: gains, culture, pacing change• China and the Gulf: prosperity with surveillance• After the Charlie Kirk assassination: speech vs incitementSubscribe for more deep-dive conversations on history, technology, and the ideas that shaped our world.

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