In this episode of Growth is Good, Rahul Ahluwalia sits down with Pravin Krishna, economist and Chung Ju Yung Distinguished Professor of International Economics and Business at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, for a wide-ranging conversation on trade, why no country should try to make everything, and why market access alone was never going to be enough. Krishna traces his own path from a childhood in License Raj-era Bombay — waiting a decade for a phone line, years for a scooter — to studying at Columbia in the 1990s, and uses that lens to unpack one of the more surprising facts in India's growth story: in 1991, India and China had virtually identical per capita income, and similarly open access to American and European markets. Three decades on, the two economies aren't in the same league. The conversation moves through what the 1991 reforms actually fixed, why Indian manufacturing never scaled the way policymakers hoped, and, zooming out, how trade politics in the US shows that this tension between open markets and domestic politics isn't unique to India.Growth is Good is a podcast by the Foundation for Economic Development exploring the ideas, people, and policies behind India's growth story.