In this episode, we welcome Dr. Jean Woo from Baylor College of Medicine and Dr. Bei Zhang from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center—two leading physiatrists and brain injury specialists—as they take us inside the complex world of disorders of consciousness (DoC).

They break down how clinicians identify and support patients across the DoC spectrum, from coma and unresponsive wakefulness to minimally conscious states. Through tools like the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R), detailed bedside observation and personally meaningful stimuli, they show how even the smallest responses can reveal unexpected awareness.

Drs. Woo and Zhang emphasize a powerful principle: always assume patients can hear, see and understand, even when they don’t appear to be conscious at all. They also dig into barriers to rehabilitation access and close the episode with a thoughtful exploration of the “disability paradox.”

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The SumMARY

Welcome to The SumMARY Podcast, where we explore the complexities of physical medicine and rehabilitation, one topic at a time. Hosted by Dr. Yunna Sinskey and Dr. Doug Henry, we “sum up” the latest insights, innovations, and practices in PM&R, featuring conversations with leading physicians and healthcare innovators.

Dr. Sinskey earned her medical degree from the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. She completed her residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation at Mary Free Bed and further specialized with an amputee fellowship at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Dr. Henry is triple board-certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation, pediatrics, and pediatric rehabilitation medicine. He joined Mary Free Bed in 2019 after serving at Cleveland Clinic, where he became an expert in managing pediatric chronic pain conditions.

The SumMARY is brought to you by Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation, the nation’s largest non-profit rehabilitation system.